Zuora's Chief Data Scientist Carl Gold is the creator of the Subscription Economy Index and master of the data science behind Subscriber Insights. Carl has a PhD from the California Institute of Technology and has first-author publications in leading Machine Learning and Neuroscience journals. Before coming to Zuora, he spent most of his post-academic career as a quantitative analyst on Wall Street. Now a data scientist, he uses a variety of tools and techniques to analyze data around online systems.